If you happen to be a CEO, have you noticed a certain sluggishness in your department managers? A reluctance to take decisive action. Perhaps not. The problem is pervasive, but it is more noticeable from the bottom of the organization than it is from the top. The reason is that even though problem causes can often be found high up, the effects are usually felt further down. Most organizations have a built in resistance to take action. It is generally safer for a person, especially for managers, to take no action at all. The illustration below shows how it works: The Current Reality Tree (CRT) shows that there are two root causes contributing to exaggerated risk aversity: Detected mistakes are punished Decisions resulting in no action are not recorded Because of this, it is a much safer strategy for an individual to take no action, than to take action, when faced with a problem. This discourages managers from taking action. Employees at the lower levels of the corporate hierarchy hesita